Which of the following is NOT one of the four CPTED core principles?

• A. Tamper-resistant locks
• B. Natural surveillance
• C. Territorial reinforcement
• D. Maintenance

Answer: (B)

CPTED focuses on shaping the environment to deter crime through four principles: natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance. Natural surveillance is about making spaces easy to observe—good sightlines, appropriate lighting, windows facing common areas—so that would-be criminals feel watched and are discouraged. Tamper-resistant locks, while useful security devices, are not part of these environmental-design principles; they fall under traditional security measures rather than CPTED’s design-focused approach. The other options align with CPTED ideas: maintenance reflects keeping the area cared for to signal occupancy and guardianship, and territorial reinforcement uses design to clearly define ownership and boundaries. Therefore, tamper-resistant locks are not CPTED core principles, making them the correct choice for what is not one of the four.